Recent developments in the Middle East conflict show complex and layered dynamics involving a number of regional and global actors. One of the main issues is the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which continues to be at the center of tensions in the region. 2023 saw an increase in clashes in the Gaza region, with Israeli airstrikes in response to rocket fire from Palestinian armed groups. Apart from that, discussions regarding the two countries which are expected to be a solution to this conflict are still hampered by political uncertainty on both sides. Meanwhile, in Syria, the civil conflict that began in 2011 continues. After years of fighting, Bashar al-Assad’s regime is still trying to consolidate its power, while opposition groups are increasingly fragmented. Most recently, peace negotiations led by Iran and Russia have shown some progress, but sporadic violence still occurs, especially in northern areas controlled by Kurds and rebel groups. Yemen is also facing one of its worst humanitarian crises ever, due to a long-running conflict between the Saudi-backed government and Houthi rebels. The UN-brokered ceasefire not only provides hope, but also highlights the enormous challenges in achieving sustainable peace. Despite some progress in negotiations, the consequences of foreign intervention continue to complicate the situation on the ground. In Iraq, despite ISIS losing control, the threat of terrorism still exists with the emergence of sleeper cells that carry out sporadic attacks. The Iraqi government is trying to strengthen security and stability, but political and economic challenges continue to undermine those efforts. Meanwhile, the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia has not subsided, affecting political dynamics in their allied countries. On the other hand, relations between Arab countries and Israel show positive developments with the Abraham Accords. Several countries, including the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, established diplomatic relations with Israel, causing changes in the map of alliances in the region. Despite protests from Palestine, this step received support from a number of western countries. In the international context, the role of Russia and the United States is still significant. Russia seeks to strengthen its influence in the Middle East through good relations with Syria and Iran, while the US plays a role in supporting its allies in the region. Military intervention and diplomacy have become strategic tools to try to safeguard their respective interests. Moreover, energy issues and the climate crisis are starting to influence Middle Eastern geopolitics. Oil-producing countries face pressure to switch to renewable energy and adapt to global environmental demands. This may become a meeting point or even a new source of tension between countries in the region. Thus, the Middle East conflict covers various interrelated aspects, from politics to economics and security. These changing dynamics will require careful attention from both countries in the region and the world community to find a sustainable way out.